State Level Trafficking Laws in the United States: Texas (21 May 2003) and Washington (27 July 2003).  For more information on efforts to criminalize trafficking under state law, see the website for the Center for Women Policy Studies' State Policy Program for Sexual Trafficking of Women and Girls.

Model Law to Combat Trafficking in Persons, U.S. Department of State, released 12 March 2003.

Annotated Guide to the Complete UN Trafficking Protocol, Ann D. Jordan, Director, Initiative Against Trafficking in Persons, International Human Rights Law Group, May 2002. 

Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking, issued by the High Commissioner for Human Rights to the Economic and Social Council, E/2002/68/Add.1, 20 May 2002.

Interim Rule on New Classification for Victims of Severe Forms of Trafficking in Persons; Eligibility for T Nonimmigrant Status, U.S. Department of Justice and Immigration and Naturalization Service, 8 CFR Parts 103, 212, 214, 274a and 299, 31 January 2002.

The Reference Guide for Anti-Trafficking Legislative Review with a particular emphasis on South Eastern Europe, Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, in September 2001.

Interim Rule on Protection and Assistance for Victims of Trafficking, U.S. Department of Justice and U.S. Department of State, 28 CFR Part 1100, 24 July 2001.

The Trafficking and Smuggling of Refugees: the End Game in European Asylum Policy?, UNHCR Working Paper, John Morrison and Beth Crosland, UNHCR Policy Research Unit, April 2001 (No. 29).

Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000, 22 USCA s.7101, PL 106-386 (HR 3244), 28 October, 2000.

The U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service hosts a website with information about Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000 (VTVPA), resources on victim and witness assistance, visa application procedures and U.S. government reports on trafficking.

Human Rights Standards for the Treatment of Trafficked Persons, Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women, Foundation Against Trafficking in Women and the International Human Rights Law Group, January 1999.