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Domestic Violence
Trafficking in Women
Sexual Harassment
Sexual Assault
Gender Violence Worldwide
General Information
Training and Victim Advocacy
Law and Policy
Ongoing Developments
What is Domestic Violence?
Theories of Violence
Prevalence of Domestic Violence
Effects of Domestic Violence
Forms of Domestic Violence
Women's Use of Violence
Dating Violence
Stalking
Animal Abuse and Domestic Violence
LGBTQ Domestic Violence
Technology-Aided Stalking
Juvenile Stalking
Anti-Stalking Legislation
Evolution of Theories of Violence
Other Causes and Complicating Factors
Myths About Alcohol
Health Effects
Effects on Children
Community Costs of Domestic Violence
HIV/AIDS and Other STIs
Domestic Violence and Housing
Resources for Domestic Violence and Housing Issues
Coordinated Community Response
Victim Protection, Support and Assistance
Law Enforcement, Prosecutions and the Judiciary
Orders for Protection
Child Custody and Family Law Issues
Batterers' Intervention Programs
Lobbying and Community Education
Guidelines for Developing a Training Program
Conference and Workshop Information
Benefits of Coordination
Adapting the Duluth Model
Goals and Strategies of Intervention
Community Response Participants
Advocacy Guidelines
Advocacy Approaches
Lethal and Extremely Dangerous Behavior
Lethality Assessments
Safety Planning
Shelters and Safehouses
Crisis Centers and Hotlines
Mediation
Role of Health Care Providers
Screening for Domestic Violence
Shuttle or Separate Mediation
Power Balancing
Research and Reports on Mediation
Confidentiality and Support
Screening and Referral
Documentation and Reporting
Creating a Health Care Response
Role of Police
Law Enforcement Reform
Role of Prosecutors
Prosecutorial Reform
Forensic Medical Systems
Judiciary
Officer-Involved Domestic Violence
Determining the Predominant Aggressor
Duluth Police Pocket Card
Judicial Responses to Domestic Violence
Specialized Domestic Violence Court Systems
Court Monitoring Programs
Domestic Fatality Review Boards
Child Custody Issues
Divorce
Role of Child Protection Services
Protective Orders and Child Custody
Divorce and Child Custody
Parenting Time and Domestic Violence
Child Protective Services and Domestic Violence
The Hague Convention and Domestic Violence
Resources
Counseling and Treatment
Starting a Batterers' Intervention Program
Influential US Batterers' Intervention Programs
Effectiveness of Batterers' Intervention Programs
History and Theories of Batterers' Intervention Programs in the USA
Batterers' Intervention Programs in CEE/FSU Countries
Best Practices for Batterers' Intervention Programs
United States Standards for Batterers' Intervention Programs
Regional Conference on Domestic Violence Legal Reform - Sofia, Bulgaria - 2008
Workshop on Monitoring Strategies for Domestic Violence Laws - Sofia, Bulgaria - 2010
Workshop for Monitoring Strategies for Domestic Violence Laws - Istanbul, Turkey - 2011
International Domestic Violence Law
Regional Law and Standards
Model Legislation
Sample National Domestic Violence Laws
Protocols and Policies
List of Law and Policy Documents
Legal Reform
Methodology for Monitoring the Implementation of Domestic Violence Laws
Regional Conference on Domestic Violence Legal Reform
Assistance with Legal Reform
Drafting Laws on Domestic Violence
UN Treaties on Domestic Violence
UN Resolutions on Domestic Violence
UN Conference Documents on Domestic Violence
Domestic Violence: Special Rapporteur
State Responsibility for Domestic Violence
International Domestic Violence Resources
European Union
Council of Europe - Istanbul Convention
Council of Europe - European Convention on Human Rights
Council of Europe - Resolutions
Organization of American States
Additional Resources
The U.S. Model State Code
Surveys of National Laws
U.S. Law
Sample Orders for Protection
Community Policies
Police Protocols
Prosecution Protocols
Health Care Protocols
Batterers' Intervention Programs
Protocols for Victim Support and Assistance
The International Legal Framework / The United Nations
Regional Law and Standards
General Principles
Objectives, Definitions, and Scope of Legislation
Rights of Complainants/Survivors
Coordinated Community Response and Implementation of Laws
Civil Remedies on Domestic Violence
Criminal Justice System Response to Domestic Violence
Criminal Law Provisions
International Law Issues
Tools for Developing Legislation on Domestic Violence
Bibliography
Sources of International Law
Specific Legislation on Domestic Violence
Constructing the Preamble
Scope of Persons Protected by Law
Other Important Legislative Provisions for Assistance to Complainant/Survivors
State Agency to Establish Aid Centers
Confidentiality and Advocates
Implementation of a Coordinated Community Response
Batterers' Intervention Programs
Implementation of Domestic Violence Laws
Time Limit Between Enacting and Enforcing Laws
Family Law and Divorce
Custody and Residence of Child
Competing Statutory Provisions
Visitation
Inadmissibility of "Parental Alienation Syndrome"
Confidentiality of Address
Civil Lawsuits for Damages
Duties of Prosecutors
Duties of Judiciary
Treatment or Diversion Programs for Perpetrators
Criminal Sanctions and Sentencing Provisions
Lethality or Risk Assessments
Felony Strangulation Provisions
Fatality Reviews
Conditions of Release
General Information
Training and Advocacy
Law and Policy
Ongoing Developments
Sex Trafficking and Safe Harbor Resource Pack
What Is Trafficking in Women?
Prevalence of Trafficking in Women
Causes and Contributing Factors
Effects and Consequences
Trafficking Routes
Who Is Being Trafficked?
Trafficking Violates Women's Human Rights
The Evolution of the Definition of Trafficking
Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation
Debt Bondage and Trafficking in Women
Distinguishing Trafficking from Illegal Migration
Other Forms of Trafficking
Economic Factors
Demand for Women's Sexual Services
The Search for a Better Life and Desire to Travel
Domestic Violence as a Cause of Trafficking in Women
Organized Crime
Conflict Zones and Militarization
Government Policies and Practices
Health Consequences of Trafficking
Legal Consequences of Trafficking
Global Consequences of Trafficking
Trafficking and HIV/AIDS
Protection, Support and Assistance of Victims
Prevention of Trafficking in Women
Return and Reintegration
Common Reactions
Legal Protection
Education and Awareness Raising
Training Programs and Technical Cooperation
Lobbying
International Trafficking Law
Regional Law and Standards
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Drafting Laws on Sex Trafficking of Women and Girls
UN Human Trafficking Law
Historical Overview
Trafficking and Women's Human Rights
The Trafficking Protocol and Recent Initiatives
UN Peacekeeping Missions and Trafficking
UN Special Rapporteur on Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children
UN Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Slavery
Council of Europe
European Union
OSCE
Stability Pact
NATO
Guidelines on Criminal Law
Guidelines on Victim Protection and Assistance
Defining the Offense
Scope of the Law
Criminalization of Activities Related to Trafficking
Non-Criminalization of Trafficking Victims
Legislation on Prostitution
Anti-Corruption Legislation
Victim Protection and Immigration Law
Victim Assistance
Overview
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Immigration Provisions
Administrative and Regulatory Provisions
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Sources of International Law
Drafting the Legislative Preamble
Criminal Provisions
Victim and Witness Protection and Assistance
General Information
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Law and Policy
Ongoing Developments
What is Sexual Harassment in the Workplace?
Theories of Sexual Harassment
Prevalence of Sexual Harassment
Effects of Sexual Harassment
Sexual Harassment Occurs at the Work Site or in a Work Related Environment
Sexual Harassment is Conduct Based on Sex or of a Sexual Nature
Sexual Harassment is Conduct that is Unwelcome or Unwanted
Quid Pro Quo Sexual Harassment
Sexual Harassment that Creates a Hostile Work Environment
Hostile Work Environment Sexual Harassment Must Be Severe and/or Frequent and Pervasive
Sexual Harassment and the Subordination of Women
Sexual Harassment is an Affront to Dignity
Violence and Power
Perpetuation of Gender Stereotypes
Economic Power Over Women
Prevention Mechanisms, Policies and Strategies
Prevention of Sexual Harassment
Guidelines for Developing a Training Program
Monitoring Workplace Practices and Enforcing Sexual Harassment Law
Employer Responsibilities: Sexual Harassment Policies, Trainings and Complaint Procedures
Suggestions for Employee Action
The Role of Trade Unions and Collective Bargaining
Media and Communication Strategies for Ending Sexual Harassment
Approaches to Gender Equality/ Equal Opportunity Institutions
Allowing NGOs to Bring Litigation on Behalf of Victims
A Statement of Policy
Definition of Harassment and Establishment of a Non-Retaliation Policy
Prevention Procedures/ Training
Designated Complaints Committee or Officer
Informal Complaint or Advice Mechanisms
Complaint Procedures
Investigation Procedures
Disciplinary Procedures
Measures to Correct the Effects of Sexual Harassment
Advocacy Tools for Trade Unions in Combating Sexual Harassment in the Workplace
The Importance of Trade Unions in Combating Sexual Harassment and the Importance of Women in Trade Unions
Role of Trade Unions in Effecting Sexual Harassment Legislation and Regulation Through Political Action and Advocacy
Role of Trade Unions in Effecting Anti-sexual Harassment Policies and Collective Bargaining Agreements in the Workplace
Role of Trade Unions in Educating Workers and Other Community Members on Sexual Harassment and Sexual Assault Issues
Role of Trade Unions in Representing Victims of Sexual Harassment and Penalties for Abusers
The European Union Directive as a Framework for Trade Unions’ Involvement with Sexual Harassment Law and Policy
Opportunities for Collaboration with Other NGOs and Governmental Agencies
Resources on the Issue of Sexual Harassment and Trade Unions
Using the Trade Union
Suggestions for the Trade Union
Resistance from the Trade Union
International Legal Framework
Regional Law and Standards
Domestic Legal Framework
List of Law and Policy Documents
Drafting Laws on Sexual Harassment
UN Conventions
UN Conference Documents
DEVAW
Special Rapporteur
International Labor Organization
Council of Europe
European Union
European Union Treaty Charter Obligations
1976 Equal Treatment Directive and 2002 Sexual Harassment Amendment
Directive on Reversal of the Burden of Proof in Sex Discrimination Cases
EU Council and Parliamentary Resolutions
EU Commission Code of Practice on Measures to Combat Sexual Harassment
Defining Sexual Harassment
Approaches to and Remedies under Sexual Harassment Law
Employer Liability Standards
Barriers to Effective Enforcement of Sexual Harassment Law
Guidelines for Drafting Sexual Harassment Laws
Civil Law
Criminal Law
International Legal Framework
Regional Law and Standards
Domestic Legal Framework Around the World
Anti-Discrimination & Equal Opportunity Laws
Criminal Law
General Principles
Harassment in Education
Harassment in Employment
Harassment in Housing
Harassment in Provision of Goods, Benefits, and Services
Harassment in Sport
Tools for Drafting
References
Sexual Harassment as Discrimination
Enforcement and Oversight
Workplace Sexual Harassment as a Crime
Public Sexual Harassment
Sample Laws
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Burden of Proof
Retaliation and Remedies
Duties of Educational Institutions
Teachers/Staff as Harassers
Definitions
Theories of Workplace Sexual Harassment
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Defining Goods and Services
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What is Sexual Assault?
Prevalence of Sexual Assault
Forms of Sexual Assault
Consequences of Sexual Assault
Sexual Assault as a Form of Sexual Violence
Consent, Force and Coercion
Types of Sexual Contact
Theories of Sexual Assault
Sexual Assault and Vulnerable Populations
Sexual Assault and Male Dominance
Sexual Assault and Cultural Norms
Sexual Assault and the Media
Biological Theories of Sexual Assault
Marital and Intimate Partner Sexual Assault
Custodial Sexual Assault
Sexual Assault Against Refugees
Sexual Assault During Armed Conflict
Date and Acquaintance Sexual Assault
Street Harassment
Sexual Assault in the Military
Prevalence of Street Harassment and its Consequences
Law and Policy on Street Harassment
Research and Reports
International Prevalence of Sexual Assault in the Military
Sexual Assault Within the United States Military
Secondary Victimization
The Military Justice System Response to Sexual Assault
Resources
Health Consequences of Sexual Assault
Victim Reactions to Sexual Assault
Consequences of Sexual Assault on the Community
Sexual Assault, HIV/AIDS and Other STIs
Coordinated Crisis Intervention
Sexual Assault Advocacy Programs
Guidelines for Developing a Training Program
Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners
Sexual Assault Response Teams
Coordinating Councils
Health Care Provider Responses
Role of Religious Leaders
International Legal Framework
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National Sexual Assault Laws
Drafting Laws on Sexual Assault
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List of Law and Policy Documents
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UN Special Rapporteurs
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Criminal Law on Sexual Assault
Rights of Survivors
Survivor Services
Other Legal Issues
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Bibliography
Aggravating Circumstances
Sexual Assault within a Martial Relationship
Consent
Evidence
Roles and Responsibilities
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Sexual Assault in Higher Education – Laws and Protocols
International Legal Framework
Regional Laws and Standards
Defining the Prohibited Contact
Force and Resistance Requirements
Consent and Mens Rea
Procedural Obstacles
Other Law Reform Efforts
Legal Protection and Support for Victims
Femicide
Forced and Child Marriage
Crimes Committed in the Name of "Honor"
Indigenous Women
Women and Armed Conflict
Women with Disabilities
Gender-Based Asylum
Violence Against Women and HIV/AIDS
Female Environmental Refugees
Female Genital Mutilation
Violence Against the Girl Child
Dowry-Related Violence
Maltreatment of Widows
Violence Against LGBT Women
Forced/Coerced Sterilization
Harmful Traditional Practices
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Law and Policy
Femicide in the CEE/FSU Region
Government Response
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Ongoing Developments
Prevalence
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Consequences and Effects
Obstetric Fistula
International and Domestic Law and Policy
Drafting Legislation on Forced and Child Marriage
Forced and Child Marriage Prevention
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Victims' Rights and Responding to Victims' Needs
Child Protection Provisions
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Drafting the Legislative Preamble
Defining and Establishing Consent
Establishing a Minimum Age for Consent
Developing a National Action Plan on Forced Marriages
Defining Other Forms of Forced Marriage: Human Trafficking
Defining Other Forms of Forced Marriage: International Marriage Brokering
Defining Other Forms of Forced Marriage: Slavery, Sexual Slavery, Forced Labour and Debt Bondage
Defining Other Forms of Forced Marriage: Wife Inheritance, Levirate and Sororate Marriages
Defining Other Forms of Forced Marriage: Bride Kidnapping
Defining Other Forms of Forced Marriage: Bounty Hunting
Defining Other Forms of Forced Marriage: Forced and Child Marriage as Settlement
Polygamous Marriages
Addressing Customary Laws and Practices That Conflict with Formal Laws
Other Related Offences: Criminalization of Marital Rape
Other Related Offences: Acts of Retribution and Intimidation
Long-term Support for Victims
Addressing Forced Marriages Involving Immigrant Women and Girls
Addressing Extraterritorial Jurisdiction
Addressing Forced Marriages Involving Victims Outside Their Country-of-Residence
Annulment of a Forced Marriage and Divorce
Core Elements in Child Protection Laws and Systems to Protect against Forced and Child Marriage
Orders for Protection
Parental Intervention and Travel Restrictions
Duties of Police
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Defining "Honor" Crimes
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Ongoing Developments
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Ongoing Developments
Prevalence
Causes and Risk Factors
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Drafting Laws on Female Genital Mutilation
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Clear and Precise Definition of FGM
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Prevalence
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Drafting the Preamble
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Dowry Deaths, Aiding and Abetting Suicide
Criminal Sanctions and Sentencing Provisions
Addressing Dowry-Related Violence through Criminalization of Dowry Demands
Prompt Complaint and Evidence
Statute of Limitations on Dowry-Related Violence and Deaths
Obstruction of Justice
Felony Strangulation and Other Provisions
More Information on Orders for Protection
Family Law and Divorce
Civil Lawsuits for Damages and Compensation
Ensure Women's Property and Inheritance Rights
Post-Hearing Orders for Protection
Warning Provisions and Time Limits for Orders of Protection
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Custody, Visitation and Residence of Child
Competing Statutory Provisions
Parental Alienation Syndrome and Confidentiality of Address
Prevalence
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Drafting Laws on Maltreatment of Widows
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Drafting the Legislative Preamble
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Major United Nations Enforcement Bodies
Human Rights Council
UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
UN Commission on the Status of Women
UN Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women
UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
UN Human Rights Committee
UN Committee on the Rights of the Child
UN Committee Against Torture
UN Committee on Migrant Workers
UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Complaint Mechanism
Additional Resources
Reporting Mechanism
Complaint Mechanism
Reporting Mechanism
Additional Resources
Complaint Mechanism
Additional Resources
Complaint Mechanism
Additional Resources
Reporting Mechanism
Additional Resources
Complaint Mechanism
Complaint Mechanism
Reporting Mechanism
Additional Resources
Reporting Mechanism
Additional Resources
Complaint Mechanism
Complaint Mechanism
Reporting Mechanism
Additional Resources
Reporting Mechanism
Additional Resources
Reporting Mechanism
Complaint Mechanism
Additional Resources
Institutions and Structure of the European Human Rights System
European Documents That Protect Women's Rights
Enforcement Mechanisms in the European System
Enlargement of the European Union
Council of Europe
European Union
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
Regional Cooperation Council
Council of Europe - Istanbul Convention
Council of Europe - European Convention on Human Rights
Council of Europe - European Social Charter
Council of Europe - Resolutions, Reports, Advocacy Campaigns
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
European Union
Council of Europe
European Union
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
European Court of Human Rights
European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
European Committee of Social Rights
Court of Justice
Commission
Parliament
EU Accession Process and Women's Rights
NGO Strategies to Impact the EU Accession Process