Due to falling birthrates, Vietnam repealed its longstanding two-child policy on June 4, 2025, amidst fears that an aging population could stunt the economy. In response to the demographic crisis, some local provinces are offering financial incentives to women who have two children before the age of 35 and to communes in which at least 60% of couples of childbearing age already have two children. In addition, the ministry of health has proposed tripling the current fine for fetal gender selection to help combat the disproportionate sex ratio which favors males. Vietnam’s declining birthrate mirrors broader regional trends in East and Southeast Asia.